The Society was formed in 1841 as the Chepstow Farmers Club, when a ploughing match at Hayes Gate Farm was organised by local farmers.
In 1891 on 20th October at the George Hotel in Chepstow there is a record of a Jubilee Dinner being well attended and in the 1920s the Farmers Club became the Chepstow Agricultural Society, as we know it today.
The first show was held at Piercefield Park during the early 1920s and was followed by a difficult time of the 1930s depression and the war years of the 1940s, during which period the show was suspended. In 1947 the show recommenced at a new venue of the Wyelands Park on the outskirts of Chepstow. Since the late 1940s it has outgrown various sites, before returning in recent years to a farm very close to the original ploughing competition started in 1841

The Memorandum of Association of Chepstow Agricultural Society states that the objects of the Society are;

• The encouragement of agricultural enterprise and the promotion of improvements in breeding, rearing and health of livestock.
• The improvement of agricultural produce and the invention and improvement of agricultural implements.
• The encouragement of skill and industry in husbandry by holding an annual show or otherwise in furtherance of the said objects.